Learn how to use Bulgarian adjectives
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| Здрасти, аз съм Ива. Hi everybody! I’m Iva. |
| Welcome to BulgarianPod101.com’s “Български в три минути”. The fastest, easiest, and most fun way to learn Bulgarian. |
| In the last lesson, we learned how to use the verb имам, "to have," in the negative form. |
| In this lesson, we will start to learn about Bulgarian adjectives and how to use them properly. |
| You will see that for adjectives, things in Bulgarian are not as easy as in English. |
| So the basic rule in order to use adjectives correctly is that in Bulgarian, adjectives always have to agree with the subject that they’re connected to. |
| Let’s start with a concrete example – Това е забавна игра - "It is a funny game." |
| [slowly] Това е забавна игра. |
| Here the subject игра is a feminine singular word, so the adjective забавна is also in the feminine singular form. |
| Let’s see the same sentence with a masculine subject. It becomes- |
| Той е забавен мъж. - "He’s a funny man." |
| Here we have to change the adjective in a way that is specific to Bulgarian adjectives. Feminine adjectives usually end in -а while masculine ones end in -ен. So “funny” in feminine is забавна but in masculine is забавен. |
| But this is not a strict rule, and depends on the adjective type. |
| Here are a few more examples to show the difference between the masculine and feminine forms. |
| Мил is the masculine for "nice" or "kind", whereas мила is the feminine. |
| Красив is the masculine for "nice" or "beautiful", whereas красива is the feminine. |
| Готин is the masculine for "hot", whereas готина is the feminine. Note that this adjective sounds a bit slang-y in Bulgarian. |
| Вкусен is the masculine for "delicious", whereas вкусна is the feminine. |
| Now let’s find out how to switch an adjective from singular to plural. Basically the rule is to put an -и at the end of the adjective to make it plural. |
| There might be exceptions, but remember this as a basic rule. |
| For example, Невена е мила means "Nevena is kind", so if you change it to plural, it becomes Приятелите ми са мили, which is "My friends are kind.” The -и is added at the end of the word and this adjective can be used in both masculine and feminine forms. |
| Now if we are talking about a subject in neuter, the rule is this – the singular form usually ends in -о while the plural remains the same as masculine and feminine, ending in -и. |
| If you want to say "The tree is green" you will say Дървото е зелено, because дърво, “tree”, is neuter. So the adjective for “green” is зелено. Both end in an “-о” |
| But if you want to say "The trees are green" you will say Дърветата са зелени. Here you added an и to the adjective “green”, зелени, because the whole sentence is plural. |
| Now it’s time for Iva’s Insights. |
| If you want to insist on an adjective in Bulgarian, you can use the word много and наистина before the adjectives. As in много красив, which is "really beautiful" or много вкусен which is to say "really delicious." |
| IIn this lesson, we learned how to properly use adjectives in Bulgarian and how to agree them correctly with nouns. But using only adjectives and nouns will not be enough to describe everyday actions in Bulgarian. Do you know how to say "I’m going to school", for example? |
| Next time we’ll learn the basic uses of the verb отивам, which means "to go," so that you will be able to say sentences like this. I’ll be waiting for you in the next Български в три минути. |
| До скоро! |
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