Learn how to use relative pronouns in voice messages
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Eric: Hi everyone, and welcome back to BulgarianPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 19 - A Bit of Bulgarian Gossip. Eric Here. |
| Tina: Здравейте. I'm Tina. |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use relative pronouns in voice messages. The conversation takes place on the phone. |
| Tina: It's between Andrey and Rositsa’s voicemail. |
| Eric: The speakers are friends, so they will use informal Bulgarian. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Росица: (Гласът на Росица) Здравейте, благодаря за обаждането. В момента не мога да отговоря, но ще ви позвъня обратно при първа възможност. До скоро, Росица. |
| Андрей: Здрасти! Отново ме препраща към гласовата поща. Може би си забравила да си включиш телефона. |
| Андрей: Аз се прибрах от Варна. Заварих малка лудница в кабинета и нямах възможност да се обадя по-рано. Във Варна пристигнах навреме за презентацията, всичко мина без проблеми. |
| Андрей: Хайде да се видим във вторник или сряда след работа. Не знам как си със смените, затова обади ми се да се разберем. |
| Андрей: И за да ти събудя любопитството, да ти кажа, че май нещо се случва с Димитър и Гергана. Но повече, когато се видим. |
| Андрей: Звънни и до скоро! |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation with the English translation |
| Rositsa: (Rositsa's voice) Hello, thank you for your call. I cannot pick up at the moment, but I will return your call as soon as possible. Talk to you later, Rositsa. |
| Andrey: Hi, I got forwarded to your voice mail again. You might have forgotten to switch on your phone. |
| Andrey: I came back from Varna. It was a little bit crazy back at the office and I was not able to call earlier. I arrived in Varna on time for the presentation and everything went smoothly. |
| Andrey: Let's meet on Tuesday or Wednesday after work. I do not know how your shifts are, so just call back to arrange something. |
| Andrey: And just to raise your curiosity, let me tell you that there might be something going on between Dimitar and Gergana. I will tell you more when we see each other. |
| Andrey: Call me back and see you soon! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Eric: Tina, are smartphones common in Bulgaria? |
| Tina: Yes, according to a 2014 research, over 40% of Bulgarians have smartphones, but the most interesting data is that over 90% of the people who have a smartphone live in the capital city or in another city. |
| Eric: What do Bulgarians mostly use smartphones for? |
| Tina: Bulgarians prefer to download free applications and do not spend a lot of money on paid services other than their mobile Internet plans. A lot of them have contracts with more than one mobile operator, but they would use mobile services only from one of them. It is also a common practice in companies to provide company mobile phones to expert and management employees, so some people might end up with three different mobile phones. |
| Eric: What are the main mobile operators in Bulgaria? |
| Tina: There are only three mobile operators in Bulgaria: MTel, Telenor and Vivacom. All these providers offer a variety of contract and prepaid services, but you should note that the market is quite saturated already, as all mobile operators are registering declines. |
| Eric: As in many other countries, Bulgarian people are switching from voice services to more active usage of instant messenger applications with call options such as Skype. |
| Tina: That’s right. Here is a useful related word, мобилно приложение |
| Eric: Which means "mobile application". Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Eric: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Tina: позвънявам [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to call (on the phone) shortly, to ring the bell (at the door) |
| Tina: позвънявам[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Tina: позвънявам [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Tina: обратно [natural native speed] |
| Eric: back |
| Tina: обратно[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Tina: обратно [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Tina: включвам [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to turn on, to switch on |
| Tina: включвам[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Tina: включвам [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Tina: глас [natural native speed] |
| Eric: voice |
| Tina: глас[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Tina: глас [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Tina: препращам [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to forward |
| Tina: препращам[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Tina: препращам [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Tina: заварвам [natural native speed] |
| Eric: (to come) to find out, to catch unawares |
| Tina: заварвам[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Tina: заварвам [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Tina: лудница [natural native speed] |
| Eric: bedlam, crazed situation |
| Tina: лудница[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Tina: лудница [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Tina: събуждам [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to wake up, to raise |
| Tina: събуждам[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Tina: събуждам [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Tina: любопитство [natural native speed] |
| Eric: curiosity |
| Tina: любопитство[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Tina: любопитство [natural native speed] |
| Eric: And last.. |
| Tina: звъня [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to call, to ring |
| Tina: звъня[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Tina: звъня [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Eric: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is.. |
| Tina: гласова поща |
| Eric: meaning "voice mail" |
| Tina: гласова is the adjective гласов in the feminine form, meaning "voice,” or “related to the voice" and поща is a feminine noun and means "post,” or “mail". Together, the words make up the phrase for "voice mail" гласова поща, which is strictly related to the service provided by mobile operators. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Tina: Sure. For example, you can say.. Той е деактивирал гласовата си поща. |
| Eric: ..which means "He has deactivated his voice mail service." |
| Tina: Поща alone in everyday language is often used instead of "post office". In colloquial speech, it can be used to mean "mail" or "mailbox" |
| Eric: Let’s give an example for each. |
| Tina: Трябва да отида до пощата. |
| Eric: "I need to go to the post office." |
| Tina: Марки могат да се купят само в пощата. |
| Eric: "Stamps can be bought only at the post office." |
| Eric: Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Tina: минавам без проблеми |
| Eric: meaning "to go smoothly (with no unexpected event)" |
| Tina: минавам is an imperfective verb meaning "to go by", без is the preposition "without", and проблеми is the plural form of the noun проблем meaning "problem”. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Tina: Sure. For example, you can say.. Въпреки нестабилното време, концертът мина без проблеми. |
| Eric: .. which means "Despite the unstable weather, the concert went off without problems." |
| Tina: There is another similar expression which is минавам добре and means “to go well”, but while this is used to express an exalted feeling of satisfaction, минавам без проблеми also implies a feeling of relief and is quite conversational. |
| Eric: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Eric: In this lesson, you'll learn how to use relative pronouns in voice messages. |
| Tina: When leaving voice messages, we often need to give details or to add polite phrases, and the relative and interrogative pronouns might come in handy for this. |
| Eric: As you already know, the only remnants of case forms in Bulgarian are related to the pronouns. In these two pronoun groups, you will see a new case form, the genitive, which is related to possession. In this lesson, we will first introduce the different case forms of the relative and interrogative pronouns and finish with some useful examples. |
| Tina: The relative pronouns are derived from the interrogative ones, so let’s start with these. |
| Eric: Interrogative pronouns are the words used to ask questions related to unknown persons, objects, quality or quantity. In English, these are “who,” “what,” “which”, and so on. |
| Tina: In Bulgarian, the interrogative pronouns agree with the noun, and have four case forms – nominative, accusative, dative and genitive. |
| Eric: Let’s give the conjugation for the singular masculine. Tina will say the Bulgarian version and I’ll give the translation. |
| Tina: кой |
| Eric: “who” or “which” |
| Tina: кого |
| Eric: “whom” - this form is the same for all genders and numbers |
| Tina: кому or на кого |
| Eric: “to whom” - these two forms are also the same for all the genders and numbers |
| Tina: чий |
| Eric: “whose” |
| Tina: There is only one pronoun for quantity: колко meaning “how much,” “how many” and it is usually followed by a noun. If it is followed by an adjective or adverb, then the question is related to the extent of the quality, for example колко голям means “how big” |
| Eric: Now, let’s switch to the relative pronouns. How are they formed? |
| Tina: The relative pronouns are formed by adding the suffix -то to the related interrogative pronoun. They also differentiate according to gender and number. |
| Eric: The relative pronoun for quantity is the same for all genders and number. |
| Tina: Right, it is колкото and means “as” or “as much as”. |
| Eric: Let’s see all the forms of the relative pronouns for the masculine singular again. Tina will say the Bulgarian version and I’ll give the translation. |
| Tina: който |
| Eric: “who” or “which” |
| Tina: когото |
| Eric: “whom” - this is used only when referring to human beings |
| Tina: комуто |
| Eric: “to whom” - this one is also used only when referring to human beings |
| Tina: чийто |
| Eric: “whose.” Listeners, remember that the relative pronouns for people in accusative and dative are used only in masculine, while for feminine, neuter and plural the respective pronouns in nominative are used. |
| Tina: Both the interrogative and relative pronouns can be used with different prepositions to indicate relationships. For example, за кого meaning “for whom”, or от кого “from whom.” |
| Eric: Let’s wrap up this lesson by giving some sample sentences that could be telephone messages, using both interrogative and relative pronouns. |
| Tina: Какви са ти ангажиментите през тази седмица? |
| Eric: “What is your schedule for this week?” |
| Tina: Ще се радвам да избереш място, което ти е любимо. |
| Eric: “I will be glad if you pick a place that is your favorite.” |
| Tina: Имам новина, която ще те зарадва. |
| Eric: “I have news that will make you happy.” |
| Tina: Доколкото разбирам, няма да имате възможност да дойдете на срещата. |
| Eric: “As far as I understand, you will not be able to come to the meeting." |
Outro |
| Eric: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Tina: До скоро! |
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