Learn how to form plural nouns
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Eric: Hi everyone, and welcome back to BulgarianPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 10 - An Unwelcome Surprise in Bulgaria. Eric here. |
| Tina: Здравейте. I'm Tina. |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to build the plural forms of nouns with confidence. It is a radio broadcast about worsening weather conditions at the airport. |
| Tina: The announcer is Dimitar. |
| Eric: The speaker is an announcer, so he will use formal Bulgarian. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Димитър: Уважаеми слушатели, налага се за момент да прекъснем предаването за важно съобщение. Колегите предават за създадена извънредна обстановка в района на Варна. Внезапно създал се ураганен вятър, достигащ до 180 км. в час, бушува над региона, като скоростта му се засилва. Температурите рязко са спаднали до 20 градуса. |
| Димитър: От града алармират за множество паднали дървета, прекъснато електроснабдяване, счупени прозорци на сгради. |
| Димитър: Летището на Варна е временно затворено за полети. Преустановено е движението на обществения транспорт. Придвижването с автомобили в района е сериозно затруднено. |
| Димитър: Ако е възможно, водачите на превозни средства се умоляват да паркират на закрито място. Гражданите се умоляват временно да не излизат навън. |
| Димитър: Очаква се вятърът да утихне до няколко часа. |
| Димитър: Уоу, това се казва неочаквана лятна изненада. Ще следим за развитието на ситуацията. Надявам се нашите слушатели да са някъде на завет и на сигурно място. |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Dimitar: Dear listeners, we have to interrupt this program for an important announcement. Our colleagues have informed us about an emergency situation in the Varna region. A sudden hurricane wind reaching up to 180 km/h is blowing over the region and is picking up speed. The temperatures have plummeted to twenty degrees. |
| Dimitar: There is an alert from the city saying there are many fallen trees, interrupted power supplies, and broken windows on buildings. |
| Dimitar: Varna Airport is temporarily closed for flights. Public transportation has been suspended. The movement of personal vehicles is seriously impeded. |
| Dimitar: If possible, drivers are asked to park indoors. Citizens are asked to not venture outside for the moment. |
| Dimitar: The wind is expected to calm down within a few hours. |
| Dimitar: Wow, you can call it a sudden summer surprise. We will monitor the development of the situation. I hope our listeners are somewhere in a sheltered and safe place. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Eric: Tina, is radio still popular in Bulgaria? |
| Tina: Yes, I think so. A recent study reported that over 65% of the population in Bulgaria listens to the radio on a daily basis. |
| Eric: Are there many radio stations? |
| Tina: There are 18 radio stations that can be heard nation-wide, and all of them are aired on the Internet as well. There are even more regional radio stations. |
| Eric: So we can safely say that the radio is the most accessible source of information in Bulgaria, which goes for regional and local news as well. Tina, why is it still so popular? |
| Tina: Probably because of the well-established infrastructure. During the Communist era, there was a radio broadcasting device in every household. It was the channel through which important local announcements were given. |
| Eric: So we can say that radio is still a growing sector in Bulgaria... |
| Tina: Actually, today the Bulgarian radio market is considered totally saturated because there’s so much competition. |
| Eric: I see. What’s a useful expression related to this topic? |
| Tina: предаванe на живо |
| Eric: which means "an on-air program." Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Eric: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Tina: прекъсвам [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to stop, to interrupt |
| Tina: прекъсвам[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Tina: прекъсвам [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Tina: съобщение [natural native speed] |
| Eric: announcement, message |
| Tina: съобщение[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Tina: съобщение [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Tina: предавам [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to inform, to tell |
| Tina: предавам[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Tina: предавам [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Tina: извънреден [natural native speed] |
| Eric: emergency, urgent, extraordinary |
| Tina: извънреден[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Tina: извънреден [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Tina: бушувам [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to rave |
| Tina: бушувам[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Tina: бушувам [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Tina: засилвам се [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to pick up, to intensify |
| Tina: засилвам се[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Tina: засилвам се [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Tina: преустановявам [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to suspend, to discontinue |
| Tina: преустановявам[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Tina: преустановявам [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Tina: затруднявам [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to make difficult, to hamper |
| Tina: затруднявам[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Tina: затруднявам [natural native speed] |
| Eric: And last.. |
| Tina: завет [natural native speed] |
| Eric: shelter |
| Tina: завет[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Tina: завет [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Eric: Let's have a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is.. |
| Tina: важно съобщение |
| Eric: meaning "important message,” or “official announcement." |
| Tina: важно is the adjective важен in neuter and means "important" and съобщение is literally translated as "message,” or “notice," but can also mean "release" as in прессъобщение, "press release." |
| Eric:This phrase is for any kind of notice, important message, or announcement that can be aired via the sound system in a public building, makes the news, or causes an interruption in a program. Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Tina: Sure. For example, you can say.. Банката не направи навреме официално съобщение във връзка със слуховете за фалит. |
| Eric: ..which means "The bank did not make an official announcement in time regarding the bankruptcy rumours." |
| Tina: A bit stronger in meaning is официално съобщение, a phrase used mainly in formal contexts. |
| Eric: It applies to any "public announcements" and "official statements" made by government bodies or high-ranked representatives. Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Tina: оставям съобщение |
| Eric: meaning "to leave a message." |
| Tina: оставям literally means "to leave,” “to forsake,” or “to jilt," and съобщение means "message" in this particular phrase. |
| Eric: This is quite a formal expression. But when you’re listening to a voice message recording, you might hear the phrase used even in less-formal sounding recordings. Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Tina: Sure. For example, you can say.. Благодаря, но не желая да оставям никакво съобщение за нея. Може само да й предадете, че ще се обяда отново. |
| Eric: .. which means "Thank you, but I wouldn’t like to leave any message for her. You can just tell her I will call again.” Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Eric: In this lesson, you'll learn how to build the plural forms of nouns with confidence. |
| Tina: When we listen to the weather forecast, we often hear plural nouns such as “viewers” or “listeners,” “degrees,” “mountains,” and “regions.” |
| Eric: In Bulgarian, there are different rules for how to make the plural forms of nouns according to gender, and we will focus on them in this lesson. |
| Tina: There are many rules for forming the plurals of nouns in Bulgarian. |
| Eric: However, all the rules can be summarized in two general groups. |
| Tina: The plural is generally formed by altering the ending of the noun. The nouns either get a particular ending, or their last vowel or syllable changes. |
| Eric: On the other hand, it’s possible to learn some rules that apply to the nouns according to their gender. |
| Tina: The plural forms of the majority of masculine nouns ending in a consonant are formed by adding the suffix -и to the dictionary form of the noun, for example слушател, which means “listener” becomes слушатели. |
| Eric: What about the nouns that end with a vowel? |
| Tina: The vowel gets replaced by the suffix -и, for example колега, meaning “colleague,” in the plural form becomes колеги. Another case is when the word ends in -ец, the -e- disappears in the plural form and -и is added as a suffix, for example прозорец, meaning “window,” becomes прозорци. When the noun ends in - нин, then the suffix -ин gets replaced by -и, as in гражданин, meaning “citizen,” which becomes граждани. |
| Eric: There’s another suffix used to create masculine plurals. |
| Tina: That’s right, and it’s the suffix -ове. Please remember that the stress in the word changes to the suffix. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example? |
| Tina: час, meaning “hour,” become часовè. Be careful about the apparently similar words. For example, “knife” is нож and its plural form is но̀жове, which seems similar to часовè, but the stressed vowel is different. |
| Eric: As there are numerous rules for forming the plural forms of nouns, the easiest way to learn them is to memorize their singular and plural forms at the same time. It will also help you to remember their genders. What about the feminine nouns? |
| Tina: The plural form of nouns in feminine most often ends in -и, with just a few exceptions when it ends in -е. |
| Eric: Please give us an example for both. |
| Tina: температура, meaning “temperature,” becomes температури. And an exception would be ръка, meaning “hand,” which in the plural becomes ръце. |
| Eric: Ok, finally, tell us about the plural form of neuter nouns. |
| Tina: Most plural nouns in neuter end in -a. For example място, meaning “place,” in the plural form becomes места |
| Eric: There are also some exceptions, for example, some words might have two plural forms, with two different meanings. |
| Tina: For example дърво, which means “tree,” can change into дървета, meaning “trees,” or into дърва which means “wood.” |
| Eric: Finally, in the next lesson we’ll see how nouns in masculine make a particular case when they are used with cardinal numbers or adverbs of quantity. Let’s wrap up this lesson with a couple of sample sentences. |
| Tina: Вече се наблюдава покачване на градусите. |
| Eric: "The rise in degrees has already become noticeable." |
| Tina: През следващите няколко дни времето ще се влоши. |
| Eric: "In the following few days, the weather will get worse." |
Outro |
| Eric: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Tina: До скоро! |
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